基于UDP_IP协议的网络编程
UDP网络通信:
流 程:
DatagramSocket 与 DatagramPacket
建立发送端,接收端
建立数据包
调用 Socket 的发送、接收方法
关闭 Socket
发送端与接收端是两个独立的运行程序
package twenty;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import org.junit.Test;
//UDP编程的实现
public class TestUDP {
// 发送端
@Test
public void send() {
DatagramSocket ds = null;
try {
ds = new DatagramSocket();
byte[] b = "你好,我是要发送的数据".getBytes();
//创建一个数据报:每一个数据报不能大于64k,都记录着数据信息,发送端的IP、端口号,以及要发送到
//的接收端的IP、端口号。
DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length,
InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
ds.send(pack);
}catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(ds != null){
ds.close();
}
}
}
// 接收端
@Test
public void rceive() {
DatagramSocket ds = null;
try {
ds = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length);
ds.receive(pack);
String str = new String(pack.getData(), 0, pack.getLength());
System.out.println(str);
}catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(ds != null){
ds.close();
}
}
}
}
通讯要素2:网络通信协议
TCP 和 UDP:
- TCP协议:
- 使用TCP协议前,须先建立TCP连接,形成传输数据通道
- 传输前,采用“三次握手”方式,是可靠的
- TCP协议进行通信的两个应用进程:客户端、服务端
- 在连接中可进行大数据量的传输
- 传输完毕,需释放已建立的连接,效率低
- UDP协议:
- 将数据、源、目的封装成数据包,不需要建立连接
- 每个数据报的大小限制在64K内
- 因无需连接,故是不可靠的
- 发送数据结束时无需释放资源,速度快
Socket:
- 利用套接字(Socket)开发网络应用程序早已被广泛的采用,以至于成为事实上的标准。
- 通信的两端都要有Socket,是两台机器间通信的端点
- 网络通信其实就是Socket间的通信。
- Socket允许程序把网络连接当成一个流,数据在两个Socket间通过IO传输。
- 一般主动发起通信的应用程序属客户端,等待通信请求的
为服务端
基于TCP_IP协议的网络编程例一、例二、例三
例一
package twenty;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import org.junit.Test;
//TCP编程例一:客户端给服务端发送信息。服务端输出此信息到控制台上
//网络编程实际上就是Socket的编程
public class TestTCP1 {
// 客户端
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
// 1.创建一个Socket的对象,通过构造器指明服务端的IP地址,以及其接收程序的端口号
// socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("185.199.111.153"), 0443);
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
// 2.getOutputStream():发送数据,方法返回OutputStream的对象
os = socket.getOutputStream();
// 3.具体的输出过程
os.write("我是客户端,请多关照".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 4.关闭相应的流和Socket对象
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
// 服务端
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket s = null;
InputStream is = null;
try {
// 1.创建一个ServerSocket的对象,通过构造器指明自身的端口号
// ss = new ServerSocket(0443);
ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
// 2.调用其accept()方法,返回一个Socket的对象
s = ss.accept();
// 3.调用Socket对象的getInputStream()获取一个从客户端发送过来的输入流
is = s.getInputStream();
// 4.对获取的输入流进行的操作
byte[] b = new byte[20];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {
String str = new String(b, 0, len);
System.out.print(str);
}
System.out.println("收到来自于" + s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()
+ "的连接");
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 5.关闭相应的流以及Socket、ServerSocket的对象
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (s != null) {
try {
s.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss != null) {
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
例二
package twenty;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import org.junit.Test;
//
//TCP编程例二:客户端给服务端发送信息,服务端将信息打印到控制台上,同时发送“已收到信息”给客户端
public class TestTCP2 {
//客户端
@Test
public void client(){
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
InputStream is = null;
try {
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),8989);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我是客户端".getBytes());
//shutdownOutput():执行此方法,显式的告诉服务端发送完毕!
socket.shutdownOutput();
is = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[20];
int len;
while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
String str = new String(b,0,len);
System.out.print(str);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();//流关闭时,从下到上
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//服务端
@Test
public void server(){
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket s = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(8989);
s = ss.accept();
is = s.getInputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[20];
int len;
while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
String str = new String(b,0,len);
System.out.print(str);
}
os = s.getOutputStream();
os.write("我已收到你的情意".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(s != null){
try {
s.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(ss != null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
例三:
package twenty;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import org.junit.Test;
//TCP编程例三:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。并关闭相应的连接。
//如下的程序,处理异常时,要使用try-catch-finally!!本例仅为了书写方便~
public class TestTCP3 {
@Test
public void client()throws Exception{
//1.创建Socket的对象
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9898);
//2.从本地获取一个文件发送给服务端
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.png"));
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(b)) != -1){
os.write(b,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownOutput();
//3.接收来自于服务端的信息
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] b1 = new byte[1024];
int len1;
while((len1 = is.read(b1)) != -1){
String str = new String(b1,0,len1);
System.out.print(str);
}
//4.关闭相应的流和Socket对象
is.close();
os.close();
fis.close();
socket.close();
}
@Test
public void server() throws Exception{
//1.创建一个ServerSocket的对象
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9898);
//2.调用其accept()方法,返回一个Socket的对象
Socket s = ss.accept();
//3.将从客户端发送来的信息保存到本地
InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("3.png"));
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
fos.write(b, 0, len);
}
System.out.println("收到来自于" + s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的文件");
//4.发送"接收成功"的信息反馈给客户端
OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();
os.write("你发送的图片我已接收成功!".getBytes());
//5.关闭相应的流和Socket及ServerSocket的对象
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
s.close();
ss.close();
}
}
练习
package twenty;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.junit.Test;
//客户端给服务端发送文本,服务端会将文本转成大写在返回给客户端。
//如下程序为了保证相应的流及socket的关闭(即使在关闭之前出现异常,也一定要保证相应的资源的关闭),要求是用
//try-catch-finally进行操作。要求将关闭的信息写在finally里!
public class TestTCP {
@Test
public void client() {
// 1.
Socket socket = null;
// 2.
OutputStream os = null;
Scanner scanner = null;
// 4.接收来自于服务端的数据
InputStream is = null;
try {
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
// 3.向服务端发送数据
// os.write("abc".getBytes());
System.out.println("请输入多个字符:");
scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String str = scanner.next();
os.write(str.getBytes());
socket.shutdownOutput();
is = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[10];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {
String str1 = new String(b, 0, len);
System.out.print(str1);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 5.
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(scanner != null){
scanner.close();
}
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
// 1.
ServerSocket ss = null;
// 2.
Socket s = null;
// 3.接收来自于客户端的信息
InputStream is = null;
// 4.返回给客户端
OutputStream os = null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
s = ss.accept();
is = s.getInputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[10];
int len;
String str = new String();
while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {
String str1 = new String(b, 0, len);
str += str1;
}
String strUpperCase = str.toUpperCase();
os = s.getOutputStream();
os.write(strUpperCase.getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(s != null){
try {
s.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(ss != null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// 5.
}
}
韧桂 2020-01-14