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基于UDP_IP协议的网络编程

UDP网络通信:
流 程:
DatagramSocket 与 DatagramPacket
建立发送端,接收端
建立数据包
调用 Socket 的发送、接收方法
关闭 Socket
发送端与接收端是两个独立的运行程序

package twenty;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import org.junit.Test;
//UDP编程的实现
public class TestUDP {

	// 发送端
	@Test
	public void send() {
		DatagramSocket ds = null;
		try {
			ds = new DatagramSocket();
			byte[] b = "你好,我是要发送的数据".getBytes();
			//创建一个数据报:每一个数据报不能大于64k,都记录着数据信息,发送端的IP、端口号,以及要发送到
			//的接收端的IP、端口号。
			DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length,
					InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
			
			ds.send(pack);
		}catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(ds != null){
				ds.close();
			}
		}
	}

	// 接收端
	@Test
	public void rceive() {
		DatagramSocket ds = null;
		try {
			ds = new DatagramSocket(9090);
			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
			DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length);
			ds.receive(pack);
			
			String str = new String(pack.getData(), 0, pack.getLength());
			System.out.println(str);
		}catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(ds != null){
				ds.close();
				
			}
		}
	}
}

通讯要素2:网络通信协议

TCP 和 UDP:

  • TCP协议:
    • 使用TCP协议前,须先建立TCP连接,形成传输数据通道
    • 传输前,采用“三次握手”方式,是可靠的
    • TCP协议进行通信的两个应用进程:客户端、服务端
    • 在连接中可进行大数据量的传输
    • 传输完毕,需释放已建立的连接,效率低
  • UDP协议:
    • 将数据、源、目的封装成数据包,不需要建立连接
    • 每个数据报的大小限制在64K内
    • 因无需连接,故是不可靠的
    • 发送数据结束时无需释放资源,速度快

Socket:

  • 利用套接字(Socket)开发网络应用程序早已被广泛的采用,以至于成为事实上的标准。
  • 通信的两端都要有Socket,是两台机器间通信的端点
  • 网络通信其实就是Socket间的通信。
  • Socket允许程序把网络连接当成一个流,数据在两个Socket间通过IO传输。
  • 一般主动发起通信的应用程序属客户端,等待通信请求的
    为服务端

基于TCP_IP协议的网络编程例一、例二、例三

例一

package twenty;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import org.junit.Test;

//TCP编程例一:客户端给服务端发送信息。服务端输出此信息到控制台上
//网络编程实际上就是Socket的编程
public class TestTCP1 {

	// 客户端
	@Test
	public void client() {
		Socket socket = null;
		OutputStream os = null;
		try {
			// 1.创建一个Socket的对象,通过构造器指明服务端的IP地址,以及其接收程序的端口号
//			socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("185.199.111.153"), 0443);
			socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
			// 2.getOutputStream():发送数据,方法返回OutputStream的对象
			os = socket.getOutputStream();
			// 3.具体的输出过程
			os.write("我是客户端,请多关照".getBytes());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 4.关闭相应的流和Socket对象
			if (os != null) {
				try {
					os.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}

			}
			if (socket != null) {
				try {
					socket.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// 服务端
	@Test
	public void server() {
		ServerSocket ss = null;
		Socket s = null;
		InputStream is = null;
		try {
			// 1.创建一个ServerSocket的对象,通过构造器指明自身的端口号
//			ss = new ServerSocket(0443);
			ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
			// 2.调用其accept()方法,返回一个Socket的对象
			s = ss.accept();
			// 3.调用Socket对象的getInputStream()获取一个从客户端发送过来的输入流
			is = s.getInputStream();
			// 4.对获取的输入流进行的操作
			byte[] b = new byte[20];
			int len;
			while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {
				String str = new String(b, 0, len);
				System.out.print(str);
			}
			System.out.println("收到来自于" + s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()
					+ "的连接");
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 5.关闭相应的流以及Socket、ServerSocket的对象
			if (is != null) {
				try {
					is.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (s != null) {
				try {
					s.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (ss != null) {
				try {
					ss.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

例二

package twenty;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

import org.junit.Test;


//
//TCP编程例二:客户端给服务端发送信息,服务端将信息打印到控制台上,同时发送“已收到信息”给客户端
public class TestTCP2 {
	//客户端
	@Test
	public void client(){
		Socket socket = null;
		OutputStream os = null;
		InputStream is = null;
		try {
			socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),8989);
			os = socket.getOutputStream();
			os.write("我是客户端".getBytes());
			//shutdownOutput():执行此方法,显式的告诉服务端发送完毕!
			socket.shutdownOutput();
			is = socket.getInputStream();
			byte[] b = new byte[20];
			int len;
			while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
				String str = new String(b,0,len);
				System.out.print(str);
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(is != null){
				try {
					is.close();//流关闭时,从下到上
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
			if(os != null){
				try {
					os.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
			if(socket != null){
				try {
					socket.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}		
			}
		}
	}
	//服务端
	@Test
	public void server(){
		ServerSocket ss = null;
		Socket s = null;
		InputStream is = null;
		OutputStream os = null;
		try {
			ss = new ServerSocket(8989);
			s = ss.accept();
			is = s.getInputStream();
			byte[] b = new byte[20];
			int len;
			while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
				String str = new String(b,0,len);
				System.out.print(str);
			}
			os = s.getOutputStream();
			os.write("我已收到你的情意".getBytes());
			
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(os != null){
				try {
					os.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
			if(is != null){
				try {
					is.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
			if(s != null){
				try {
					s.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
			if(ss != null){
				try {
					ss.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}		
			}
		}
	}
}

例三:

package twenty;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

import org.junit.Test;

//TCP编程例三:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。并关闭相应的连接。
//如下的程序,处理异常时,要使用try-catch-finally!!本例仅为了书写方便~
public class TestTCP3 {
	@Test
	public void client()throws Exception{
		//1.创建Socket的对象
		Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9898);
		//2.从本地获取一个文件发送给服务端
		OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.png"));
		byte[] b = new byte[1024];
		int len;
		while((len = fis.read(b)) != -1){
			os.write(b,0,len);
		}
		socket.shutdownOutput();
		//3.接收来自于服务端的信息
		InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
		byte[] b1 = new byte[1024];
		int len1;
		while((len1 = is.read(b1)) != -1){
			String str = new String(b1,0,len1);
			System.out.print(str);
		}
		//4.关闭相应的流和Socket对象
		is.close();
		os.close();
		fis.close();
		socket.close();
	}
	@Test
	public void server() throws Exception{
		//1.创建一个ServerSocket的对象
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9898);
		//2.调用其accept()方法,返回一个Socket的对象
		Socket s = ss.accept();
		//3.将从客户端发送来的信息保存到本地
		InputStream is = s.getInputStream();
		FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("3.png"));
		byte[] b = new byte[1024];
		int len;
		while((len = is.read(b)) != -1){
			fos.write(b, 0, len);
		}
		System.out.println("收到来自于" + s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的文件");
		//4.发送"接收成功"的信息反馈给客户端
		OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();
		os.write("你发送的图片我已接收成功!".getBytes());
		//5.关闭相应的流和Socket及ServerSocket的对象
		os.close();
		fos.close();
		is.close();
		s.close();
		ss.close();
	}
}

练习

package twenty;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Scanner;

import org.junit.Test;
//客户端给服务端发送文本,服务端会将文本转成大写在返回给客户端。
//如下程序为了保证相应的流及socket的关闭(即使在关闭之前出现异常,也一定要保证相应的资源的关闭),要求是用
//try-catch-finally进行操作。要求将关闭的信息写在finally里!

public class TestTCP {

	@Test
	public void client() {
		// 1.
		Socket socket = null;
		// 2.
		OutputStream os = null;
		Scanner scanner = null;
		// 4.接收来自于服务端的数据
		InputStream is = null;
		try {
			socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
			os = socket.getOutputStream();
			// 3.向服务端发送数据
			// os.write("abc".getBytes());
			System.out.println("请输入多个字符:");
			scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
			String str = scanner.next();
			os.write(str.getBytes());
			socket.shutdownOutput();
			is = socket.getInputStream();
			byte[] b = new byte[10];
			int len;
			while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {
				String str1 = new String(b, 0, len);
				System.out.print(str1);
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			// 5.
			if(is != null){
				try {
					is.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if(scanner != null){
				scanner.close();
			}
			if(os != null){
				try {
					os.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if(socket != null){
				try {
					socket.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}		
			}
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void server() {
		// 1.
		ServerSocket ss = null;
		// 2.
		Socket s = null;
		// 3.接收来自于客户端的信息
		InputStream is = null;
		// 4.返回给客户端
		OutputStream os = null;
		try {
			ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
			s = ss.accept();
			is = s.getInputStream();
			byte[] b = new byte[10];
			int len;
			String str = new String();
			while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {
				String str1 = new String(b, 0, len);
				str += str1;
			}
			String strUpperCase = str.toUpperCase();
			os = s.getOutputStream();
			os.write(strUpperCase.getBytes());
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(os != null){
				try {
					os.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
			if(is != null){
				try {
					is.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
			if(s != null){
				try {
					s.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
			}
			if(ss != null){
				try {
					ss.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		// 5.
	}
}

韧桂 2020-01-14